Sex Chromosomes and Sex Determination in Dioecious Agricultural Plants

Unlike in animals, dioecy among flowering plants is a rare phenomenon. The vast majority of angiosperm species have bisexual flower that combines male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive organs. However, about quarter dioecious flowers, which can be located within the same plant (monoecious) or on different (dioecious). formation determined by various genetic mechanisms. They become more complex from work single gene to functioning full-fledged heteromorphic sex chromosomes, directly affect differentiation participate balance determination (where organs depends ratio X chromosomes autosomes, for example). In recent years, development sequencing techniques, bioinformatics, molecular biology has led an increase interest mechanisms plants. It noteworthy significant number economic value. At time, dioeciousness often complicates growing process. This fact increases relevance studies crops. this review, we attempt summarize current information plants, concentrating with agricultural importance.